Comparison of XTO Energy and Devon Energy Companies :: Energy Business Companies Workforce Essays

Correlation of XTO Energy and Devon Energy Companies Organization Background XTO Energy Inc. is a head local gaseous petrol and oil maker occupied with the securing, abuse and improvement of value, enduring gas and oil properties. The Company, whose antecedent organizations were built up in 1986, finished its first sale of stock in May 1993. Its properties and exercises are amassed in Texas, New Mexico, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Wyoming, Colorado, Alaska and Louisiana. Serious Environment XTO works in the lower-top oil and gas business. They contend straightforwardly with bigger autonomous organizations like Devon Energy, Anadarko, and Apache. XTO’s principle center is gaining built up, extensive properties, which are low in chance, and apply the most ideal innovation to boost creation. Structure In view of meetings with the board, we found that XTO’s the executives style empowers development. Workers are urged to request absolution and not authorization. We’ve took in this semester through talk and readings, that this administration strategy engages representatives and gives them the independence they like and the opportunity to make. Representatives that work under this sort of the board style are not confronted with the chance of loosing their employments on the off chance that they settle on a business choice that ends up having negative results. Workers are allowed to advance and face even minded challenges. The organization culture at XTO is depicted as laid back and loose. XTO accepts that significant oil and gas organizations can't actualize this sort of culture because of their size. Since XTO is littler, the organization can send an entirely different approach from what the majors utilize. As the organization quickly develops, this casual practice has become a worry for XTO’s the executives. The organization has as of late developed so much that they’ve needed to pull back somewhat on the casual climate. The board has been working with Human Resources to expand the measure of structure inside the organization. It is not yet clear if this strategy will smother organization development. XTO’s principle center in overseeing individuals has been to adjust and hold fast to employees’ interests and abilities. On the off chance that a representative gets useless or unbiased with her present place of employment accountabilities, the executives will discover choices for the worker first before end. The executives will move a worker to a specialty unit where she may have the best chance to exceed expectations, and where her range of abilities and interests will be generally used - an arrangement with the â€Å"best practices† idea concentrated in this course.

The Knowledge Taught in Vain

If you somehow managed to inquire as to whether the person in question would prefer to study or stare at the TV, what do you figure the appropriate response would be? From what I have found in myself when I was a young person and in nearly everybody that I meet, no one would prefer to contemplate. The present inexpensive food culture has drained the magnificence out of individual idea and the securing of information. Schools give a lacking measure of information on a wide range of subjects and sub-points with no support of basic idea and examination on the information. In reality, if schools expected kids to do as such as a piece of their training then the government officials, individuals of tip top status, and educators would be indicated that the manner in which they have been getting things done, and they way they are getting things done, isn't right. A few people who do really consider things and differ are uncommon not just in light of the fact that it's elusive enthusiasm for something government funded training has made discretionary but since doing so brings about being a social untouchable. Some despite everything differ in any case. It isn't permitted in the study halls so they drop out of schools, bite the dust their hair dark, get body piercings, become worry warts, and become generalized as junk to communicate their disobedience to being prepared to think in a manner that sits idle yet befuddle thought itself. The straightforward reality is that if youngsters were urged to change our present circumstance as opposed to being thrown out and thrashed, these equivalent inked medicate someone who is addicted failures would be Nobel Prize champs. Its not these renegades that are causing natural issues, sucking up all the accessible assets to the detriment of individuals living in neediness, and sending American employments over the Mexican fringe for an oily buck. It isn't the nonconformist envisionary specialists we consider components of an unsettled youthful age that are over burdening the individuals to construct apparatus for wars that, the vast majority of time, are none of our damn business. It isn't the weapon conveying hoodlums that are participating in the governmental issues of double dealing and control to mislead most of â€Å"honest† individuals in this nation and take their cash to satisfy their savage wallets at the expense of people groups lives. These restrictive social outsiders are resistance instruments that outcome from the disturbing maginalization of the present framework. Where does everything start? In the state funded schools are the foundations of the issue. What encourages it? The media with its promotion promulgation waters those roots. There are numerous issues in our general public that spring from a certain something: the miseducation of our kids. There are numerous issues in the training of our kids that spring from a certain something: understudies are being instructed what to consider rather how to think. The center of our training of kids ought not be the measure of material secured however the consolation of pondering the material which ought to be given a high level of trustworthiness with accentuation on mindfulness and obligation. On numerous events in government funded school I can recall asking on the significance of material just to be giggled at by the class. In eleventh grade English, intended for professional understudies, we read â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee. We read during class and every Friday had tests on the material with no conversation of our motivation for learning it. One day when I addressed why we expected to learn it and the class chuckled at me. The instructor revealed to me that it was simply part of the educational plan required by the state. I can recollect that adding to the outrage and disappointment of my effectively insubordinate mentality. The defiance that I felt at the time was against everything that I was being instructed. I at that point, as the vast majority, had developed spurned by learning since the information had been circulated such that caused it to appear as though it was a misuse of my time. There were seven class periods daily. Each class was not exactly an hour long and there was brief period to go over the things of genuine significance. At the point when things of genuine significance were â€Å"taught,† I had six different classes swarming in attempting to stifle any craving that may have been there to examine the issues further. Thusly, books and information inferred only the pointless weariness of the way in which they were introduced in school. Regardless of whether in school or out, perusing books sucked. At the point when that last ringer rang it generally started the molded idea of myself spending time with companions, sitting in front of the TV, tuning in to music, smoking pot, and busy yet being beneficial. Being gainful appeared as though something that elderly individuals do on the grounds that they have to endure, not on the grounds that it is something that they wanted to do, and its perquisite suggested long stretches of dreary devotion to remembering calculated relics from a previous age that have no pertinent materialness to my cutting edge life. Sitting in front of the TV expended the greater part of my out of educational time since that was for the most part what individuals in my environmental factors discussed. For what reason was it significant? It accommodated my folks an alleviation from accomplishing work that they detest throughout the day. It accommodated me and my kindred understudies a programmed personality and reason since school had corrupted building one from history, science, writing, and theory to trivial syllables that conjured rest. On the off chance that a state funded school understudy were to really focus in school and figure out how to get an A, lets state, in history class, that individual may have the option to disclose to you that Thomas Jefferson composed the Declaration of Independence. That individual may have the option to disclose to you that the Declaration of Independence says we are totally made equivalent, however in the event that you came clean with him that Jefferson had slaves and that he undermined his significant other with a slave for the majority of twenty years, she would either think you are idiotic, giggle at you, or both. At the point when I was riding the transport to class in the twelfth grade, I saw that a young lady with an analytics reading material. I attempted to converse with her about it and revealed to her that Kempler, one of the dads of analytics, built up the subject for the investigation of cosmic bodies. She was a distinctions understudy, savvy enough to be in math, yet she didn't accept that what I was stating was valid. â€Å"Calculus has nothing to do with cosmology! † she said. Everything I could believe was the manner by which exhausting this subject was on the grounds that its history and importance had been discredited. It drove me crazy that the instructor never depicted precisely what occurred in history or how much profundity and excellence is in science in light of the fact that â€Å"it's not a piece of the educational plan. † Most individuals consider science and perusing books as exhausting. This is an immediate aftereffect of individuals being demonstrated things like geometrical shapes, the skirmish of Gettysburg, and the occasional table of components without showing their hugeness at the time that these things were found or happened, or their criticalness in advanced life. At the point when a great many people consider school they see one subject, rather than a huge range of themes and interests, and they think about that subject as appalling, exhausting, and an exercise in futility. For example, Mike Rose expounded on the state funded instruction involvement with his book â€Å"I Just Wanna Be Average†: The points of interest will change, however fundamentally this is the thing that various understudies experience, particularly those in the alleged medicinal classes. They open their course readings and see by and by the recognizable and impervious recipes and outlines and terms that have befuddled them for a considerable length of time. There is no fervor here. No fervor. Despite what the educator says, this is certainly not another test. There is, somewhat humiliation and disappointment and, not suprisingly, some outrage in being helped by and by to remember long-standing deficiencies. No big surprise such a large number of understudies at long last credit their challenges to something innate, natural: â€Å"That part of my cerebrum simply doesn't work. † Given the alarming accounts huge numbers of these understudies have, it's supernatural that any of them can lift the cover of misery adequately to make liberation from these classes conceivable. This circumstance isn't only relevant to this specific case, yet is a decent speculation of most of individuals who experience state funded schools direct. Set forth plainly, the administration structures an educational program. In that educational plan it is set up for understudies to cover a specific measure of material; in any case, I can't recollect one class in government funded school where we completed a course reading. It seems like the administration defines inaccessible curricular objectives on the grounds that there is no craving for them to summon basic idea in the psyches of the understudies. They realize that if an understudy were instructed to consider excessively, the things that aren't right in our administration, socioculture, and ecological biology would be scrutinized. That would mean a significant change in the manner that we are getting things done, and each one of the individuals who are exploiting the framework for their own ravenousness would be uncovered. Numerous individuals would lose their status, force, control, and extravagances. In this way, while individuals are prepared, as it were, to consider instruction to be information securing as tedious and exhausting, they are being kept from having the option to take care of the wrongs in our reality. To help in this concealment, â€Å"the powers that be† likewise use TV to educate, and misguide, the majority of the issues and arrangements. Thus, individuals are being coddled what to think without deduction, since believing is something that isn't of essential significance at all, for the reasons above. The couple of individuals who do are such a modest quantity, that it is difficult to persuade the majority who are being â€Å"zombified† that that is in reality what is befalling them. There are a couple of magnificent special cases. Some state funded teachers go amiss from the educational program in light of the fact that their enthusiasm supersedes their dread of not achieving their activity prerequisites. For example, Jonathan Kozol expounded on an instructor in the city of Chicago in his article â€Å"Corla Haw

Who named the Curiosity Mars rover

Who named the Curiosity Mars rover The Curiosity Mars rover was named by an 11 year old girl in Lenexa, Kansas, USA. Her name is Clara Ma and below is her inspiring story.On Aug. 5 at 10:31 p.m. PST, a rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars, and I was lucky enough to have a front-row seat.My name is Clara, and when I was in 6th grade, I won the essay contest NASA held to name its next Mars rover. The essay I wrote was not even 250 words long, but somehow it was enough to change my life. I still remember that chilly December day, sitting in science class. I’d finished a worksheet early and decided to get a TIME for Kids magazine off of Mrs. Estevez’s bookshelf. It was the 2008 Invention Issue, but that wasn’t the only thing that caught my eye. In the magazine, there was an article about a girl who named the Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity.The article also talked about the essay contest NASA was holding to name its next Mars rover. Before I even knew anything else about i t, a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind: Curiosity.I couldn’t wait for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay. That afternoon, I raced home from the bus stop, sat down at the computer, and typed until my fingers ached. It turns out I was just in time. A few days later, and the contest would have closed.Five months later, shortly after I had turned 12, I was watching a National Geographic special on mammoths when the phone rang. My mom answered, and immediately, a wide smile spread across her face.When she told me that I had won, I was happier than I could ever remember being. I screamed and ran up and down the stairs and all around the house. I completely forgot about the mammoths and did not even remember to turn off the TV until it was really late.Curiosity is such an important part of who I am. I have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours. She’d tell me stories and point out constellations.Here in the heart of the country, my grandmother would say, there were no bright city lights to compete with the brilliance of the stars. There was just the chirping of the cicadas and the soft summer breeze.My grandmother lived in China, thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas. I loved the stars because they kept us together even when we were apart. They were always there, yet there was so much I didn’t know about them. That’s what I love so much about space. No matter how much we learn, it will always possess a certain degree of mystery.In the past, space exploration may have been a competition to see who got somewhere first or the fastest. But now, it is one of the few things that bring people together. Science is a language that needs no translation. It doesn’t matter where you’re from or what you look like â€" you just have to have a thirst for knowledge and a passion for learning in order to succeed .People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mars. Why do we explore? My answer to that is simple: because we can. Because we’re curious. Because we as human beings do not just stay holed up in one place. We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon.The Curiosity rover is more than just a robot. It is more than just a titanium body and aluminum wheels. Curiosity represents the hard work, passion, love and commitment of thousands of people from all over the world who were brought together by science.Science is so awesome. It is breathtaking and mind-blowing, intertwining and unifying; and sometimes, it’s just a little bit crazy. The discoveries we make about our world are incredibly humbling. They move us forward and have the potential to benefit all of mankind.This December it will be four years of my life that have been tied to Curiosity in some way. I’ve met so many amazing people through this experience, from scie ntists to engineers to administrators to volunteers. Their dedication and fervor inspire me immensely. My journey with Curiosity and the MSL mission team has shaped the person that I am today, as well as the person I would one day like to become.I am deeply grateful to everyone who made it possible for me to have this amazing adventure.And to you, I hope your curiosity takes you far.By Clara MaHer winning essay:Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyones mind. It makes me get out of bed in the morning and wonder what surprises life will throw at me that day. Curiosity is such a powerful force. Without it, we wouldnt be who we are today. When I was younger, I wondered, Why is the sky blue?, Why do the stars twinkle?, Why am I me?, and I still do. I had so many questions, and America is the place where I want to find my answers. Curiosity is the passion that drives us through our everyday lives. We have become explorers and scientists with our need to ask questions and t o wonder. Sure, there are many risks and dangers, but despite that, we still continue to wonder and dream and create and hope. We have discovered so much about the world, but still so little. We will never know everything there is to know, but with our burning curiosity, we have learned so much.Clara Ma Photos:More readings More about Curiosity rover at Wikipedia Story source: http://mashable.com/2012/11/16/clara-ma-curiosity-rover/ Claras winning essay at NASA

Social Problems Of Economy And Employment - 1325 Words

Economy and employment has always been a big topic in the United States. There is always some kind of problem that will lead into arguments between people. In this society, it is difficult to live the â€Å"American dream† or have â€Å"a house with a picket fence†. Everything is so expensive these days that it leaves low and some people in middle class struggling to feed their families. If a certain individual does not have a average paying job, the person will struggle and will not have a rewarding career, fulfilling life, and will not retire in comfort. There are many social problems of economy and employment. To achieve the â€Å"American dream† type of life, it costs about one hundred thirty seven thousand dollars per year for a family of four. Only one eighth of these families achieve this in the United States. Next, welfare becomes a problem in this society. Not everyone gets the opportunity to go on welfare, which creates problems for people. Most people on welfare on it for a short period of time. Even though they cannot stay on it for life, welfare people get the chance to have food stamps, live in subsidized housing. Some people get no co-pays, reduced or free lunches, and some pay pell grants for college. This leads to the working poor of the society. 25% of employed people use some kind of social services, 52% of fast food families receive social services, and 33% of bank tellers receive a form of social services. In this situation, the government does helpShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Unemployment In Nigeria1 482 Words   |  6 Pagespsychologically. Nigeria economy since the attainment of political independence in 1960 has undergone fundamental structural changes. The Nigerian economy relatively grew in the greater parts of the 1970’s with the respect to the oil boom. The outrageous profits from the oil boom encouraged wasted expenditures in the public sector; dislocation of employment factor also distorted the revenue bases for policy planning. Unemployment in Nigeria is one of the most critical problems the country is facingRead MoreChinese State Owned Enterprises1396 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Since the Chinese Economic reform in 1978, Chinese economy transferred from planned economy to market economy. Under the new circumstances of socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, a large number of workers faced unemployment with the economic reforms. In the 1990s, the reforms of State-Owned-Enterprises (SOEs) enhanced the job losses and changes, causing a new noun ‘xiagang’, the laid-off workers unemployed with remained work relationships from SOEs. In comparison withRead MoreRole Of The Standard Employment Relationship1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe role of the Standard Employment Relationship in the Canadian economy has been trending towards more of a non-standard form of employment. As discussed by Harsha Walia in his text, in Canadian history and in the present, labourers who came to Canada because of programs such as the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP), have received inadequate social benefits, social wages and have been exploited mere ly because of their temporary worker status. Neoliberal policy shifts are the reason immigrantsRead MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On Society1294 Words   |  6 Pages Problem Statement Unemployment is a very important problem that it is not only an economic issue, but it is related to the social and political issues. Increasing the level of unemployment will decrease the level of Keynes’ effective demand that is going to increase the investors’ uncertainty and less investments will take place. As a result, the economy as a whole will move from recession to depression and the unemployment is dramatically increasing. On the other hand, unemployment has a directRead MorePromoting Youth Employment For Sustainable Development1587 Words   |  7 PagesCommittee: ECOSOC(Economic and Social Council) Agenda: Promoting Youth Employment for Sustainable Development Name: Suejung Chee 1. Introduction Youth employment has grown in prominence on national and global development agendas. It has now become a problem countries worldwide regardless of their stage of socio-economic development are facing. Studies have shown the rising rate of unemployment, as it was recorded in 2012 that 197 million people around the world are unemployed. 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On the other hand it is also true that in a globalized world, economic systems that specialize in the production of goods in which they have strong comparative advantages gain great benefits. A good example to support this statement is the case of London itself. We consider London as a successful case of economic specialization for the key role that it plays in the world economy as an internationalRead MoreImmigration And Its Effects On The Country s Economy1044 Words   |  5 Pagesnecessity, can have a devastating effects on the country’s economy and population if uncontrolled. Therefore, immigration is only good, if it is limited immigration and is controlled. According to John Engler, â€Å"Immigration reform would improve economic growth. The Bipartisan Policy Center estimates that reform would boost gross domestic product by 4.8 percent and productivity by 1.0 percent over 20 years. Reform would also increase U.S. employment and raise wages. The Congressional Budget Office projectsRead MoreIllegal Immigrants1298 Words   |  6 PagesThe Benefits of Illegal Immigrants Are illegal immigrants or undocumented immigrants beneficial to America’s economy? Most illegal immigrants have a positive impact on the United States (U.S.) economy. Illegal immigrants have a positive impact on the United States economy because they increase our tax revenue, they add to our social security, and they also increase our employment rates.† In 2000, statistics revealed 8.7 million illegal immigrants resided in the United States† (Knickerbocker pgsRead MoreThe Classical View Of Employment And Income1523 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the main economic schools of thought I will explain why reaching full employment may not be possible. I will be going into detail on the classical view of full employment, and the Keynesian view of full employment to help you understand better how each school viewed full employment, and how to achieve it. The classical view gives you a look into the supply side of the economy using Say’s law and the Say’s law flow diagram. Most economists followed the classical view up until the 1930’s. Then

Plastic Surgery On Child With Handicap - 1163 Words

Plastic Surgery on Child with Handicap. The percentage of facial defects on a child born has been increasing in The United States. Every four minutes a woman gives birth a child with handicap. Children with Dow Syndrome and other birth defects such as cleft lip and ear abnormalities are been propose to submit in to a surgery to alter their physical features. The surgery ´s target is to improve and restored their appearance making the child accepted by the society. The surgery it’s been existing for centuries, and the surgeons have been improving their methods. They have been adding tools and techniques in the over past few decades which is awesome for some people who really needs a surgery for their body function. However, in the beginning people have the doubt in the improvement of the potential and psychological of the individual. The cosmetic surgery that has been realizing on children with Dow Syndrome may improve their physical appearance, but it will not improve their potential, nor im prove their development psychological. There still the same. The statistics on children submitting to a surgery it’s been increasing in US in the las decade. The procedure of this method is painful and costly. The cost of a surgery is high. The health insurance will cover the cost depending on what kind of surgery will be subjected. Parents should be informed and be concern before taking a decision of submitting their child to surgery. It is not the right choiceShow MoreRelatedCochlear Implants : The Deaf Or The Hearing?1331 Words   |  6 Pagesability Patient counseling and psychological evaluation This time procedure for getting an implant is around three to four hours for adults and usually a bit longer for children.(explain the procedure for children and adults). 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In spite of his handicap Washington was never discouraged and still had a burning desire to complete the bridge and his mind was still as sharp as ever. He tried to inspire and pass on his enthusiasm to some of his friends, but they were too daunted by the task. As he layRead MoreThe Impacts of Mncs in the Economy of Bangladesh14643 Words   |  59 Pageswon the opportunity to compete with other country winners for the regional grand prize. REACHING THE UNREACHED HSBC Group, through Future First provided funds to a project of Aparajeyo Bangladesh, titled Reaching the unreached: Mitigate hazards of child labour in factories using non-formal education. SCHOLARS SPECIAL SCHOOL HSBC provided financial assistance of BDT100000 to the Scholars Special School for Disabled Children. The fund contributes towards the salaries of the teachers. BERDO HSBC provided

Effects of Slavery on America Free Essays

Effects of Slavery on American History Andrew Avila US History 1301 Dr. Raley April 18, 2013 The U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Slavery on America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Constitution is primarily based on compromise between larger and smaller states, and more importantly, between northern and southern states. One major issue of the northern and southern states throughout American history is the topic of slavery. Although agreements such as the Three-Fifths Compromise in 1787, and the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 were adapted to reduce and outlaw slavery, it took many years for slavery to be completely abolished and allow blacks the freedom they had been longing for. The Three-Fifths Compromise was a agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia in which three-fifths of states’ slaves would be counted as representation regarding distribution of taxes and apportionment of members to the House of Representatives[1]. This meant that slave owners would be taxed on the number of slaves they owned as well as states receiving representation for the allotted 3/5, or â€Å"Federal ratio,† of slaves owned. During the Continental Congress of 1783, a committee was appointed to decide upon a method to be integrated in the Articles of Confederation to prevent states from ignoring their fair share of the tax burden. The proposed fix was to tax based on population rather than property value. Delegates who opposed slavery only wanted to count all free inhabitants of each state, while supporters of slavery wanted to count all slaves for representation purposes only and not for taxation. Being that southern states were heavily populated with slaves, naturally, northern states feared that the south would gain a political upper-hand and become extremely powerful[2]. Seeing such opposition from northern and southern states, representatives James Wilson and Roger Sherman came up with a plan that stemmed from the one proposed at the Continental Congress. The Three-Fifths Compromise, which was designed to meet the demands of both sides, gave the south their much anticipated representation, while easing the fears of the north of being politically overpowered by the south[3]. After the Virginia Plan was rejected, the Three-Fifths Compromise seemed to guarantee more political power to the south. As a result, southern states dominated the Presidency and Speakership of the House. While the south gained more representation because of the higher ownership of slaves, the north gained very little. However, the longterm results of the Three-Fifths Compromise did not work well to the southern states’ advantage[4]. The increased importation of slaves to the south upset the north leading to the Missouri Compromise. The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the 36o 30’. By 1820, the northern states began to grow faster than southern states resulting in the fall from southern representation in the House of Representatives. The Three-Fifths Compromise paved the way for the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 which outlaws slavery. However, the Thirteenth Amendment was meant to guarantee slavery. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln issued an Emancipation Proclamation declaring that any people held as slaves would be free[5]. Many people questioned the validity of the Proclamation as well as President Lincoln’s power. Because President Lincoln failed to mention that slaves in the loyalist states would be free in the Proclamation, many doubted the effect would last beyond restoration of the states[6]. Although the Emancipation Proclamation declared that slaves would be free, it did not actually free any slaves in border states nor did it abolish slavery. President Lincoln and other supporters decided it was necessary to include an amendment to the Constitution abolishing slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment was the first amendment proposed in 60 years. The Thirteenth Amendment was the only slavery-related bill to oppose and abolish slavery while other bills protected slavery[7]. Eventually, the bill was taken to the Senate and passed on April 8, 1864. Although the bill was passed as an effort to keep the country united, it was stopped from being ratified as the south began to secede and the Union dissolved. This prevented the bill from becoming an actual law. President Lincoln took active measures to get the proposed bill on the Republican Party platform for the 1864 presidential election. After several months of debate, the bill finally reached the two-thirds vote on January 31, 1865, although the signed amendment’s archival copy states the bill was passed February 1, 1865[8]. After the approval of the Thirteenth Amendment, Congress passed four statutes known as the Reconstruction Acts. The Reconstruction Congress was required to pass two laws that implemented the Thirteenth Amendment[9]. The first was the Civil Rights Act declaring that freed slaves were allowed to enjoy the same rights as white people. This law made it a crime on the federal level to deprived freed slaves of these rights. The second was the Anti-Peonage Act of 1867 which made the holding of any person as a slave unlawful[10]. The Thirteenth Amendment completed the abolition of slavery in the United States. The process to abolish slavery began with President Lincoln’s issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. Although the Thirteenth Amendment outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude, officials had to selectively enforce laws such as vagrancy forcing blacks to be subject to involuntary servitude. The southern states’ attitudes towards abolition made it nearly impossible for blacks to shake being ex-slaves. After the abolition of slavery, life for Black Americans got even more difficult before it could get better. Public beatings and lynchings became and everyday occurrence through â€Å"white supremacy groups† such as the Ku Klux Klan. Segregation between whites and blacks had become widespread at the time as well. Many blacks found it difficult to survive off the poor wages they received and terrible living situations. Slavery was not legal or illegal until each individual state made it so. Up until that point, slavery was an accepted common law practice. However, after slavery was declared illegal in individual states and had been outlawed, many slave owners, and slaves alike, needed to adjust to the newly acquired changes. Needless to say, this was a change that would take many years to adapt to. To this day, these movements are still discussed as the judicial system . Many people still do not support the abolition of slavery. The United States Constitution states that slavery and involuntary servitude are illegal unless ordered by the court. However, this does not mean that any individual may own a slave. This simply means that if a person is convicted of a crime, said person may be ordered to prison or community service. This however does not mean that there are absolutely no cases of slavery in America today. Although in slightly different form, slavery still exists today despite the trial and error endured by the American government to abolish slavery in its entirety. Slavery today is known as human trafficking. Not only does human trafficking include involuntary servitude and forced labor, but various other acts that are to be carried out by those who are being held as slaves. Human trafficking is one of the biggest crimes committed today. Throughout history many measures have been taken to prohibit and outlaw slavery. However, documents such as the Three-Fifths Compromise and the Thirteenth Amendment were two of the major stepping stones in the direction of abolishing slavery. The issue of slavery has been around since the beginning of the United States and has undergone many changes over time. With agreements such as the Three-Fifths Compromise and the Thirteenth Amendment, slavery was able to be decreased and eventually abolished. Bibliography Peter Robinson. Uncommon Knowledge: A Slave to the System? Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. Hoover Institution, 2009. Garry Wills. â€Å"Negro President†: Jefferson and the Slave Power. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York, 2003. Herman Belz. Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York, 1978. Michael Vorenberg. Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment. Cambridge University Press, 2001. Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice. The House Joint Resolution proposing the 13th amendment to the Constitution, January 31, 1865; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1999; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives Harp Weekly. Ratification and Results. 2008. Oman Nathan. Specific Performance and the Thirteenth Amendment. Minnesota Law Review, Forthcoming. 2008. Unknown Author. â€Å"The Slavery Compromises†. University of Louisiana-Lafayette Computing Support Services. Unknown Date. Gilder Lehrman Institute. The Three-Fifths Compromise. Digital History. 2013. ———————- [1] Gilder Lehrman Institute. The Three-Fifths Compromise. Digital History. 2013. [2] Peter Robinson. Uncommon Knowledge: A Slave to the System? Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. Hoover Institution, 2009. [3] Unknown Author. â€Å"The Slavery Compromises†. University of Louisiana-Lafayette Computing Support Services. Unknown Date [4] Peter Rob inson. Uncommon Knowledge: A Slave to the System? Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. Hoover Institution, 2009. [5] Herman Belz. Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York, 1978. 6] Michael Vorenberg. Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment. Cambridge University Press, 2001. [7] 3Herman Belz. Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York, 1978. [8] 3Herman Belz. Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York, 1978. [9] Oman Nathan. Specific Performance and the Thirteenth Amendment. Minnesota Law Review, Forthcoming. 2008. [10] Oman Nathan. Specific Performance and the Thirteenth Amendment. Minnesota Law Review, Forthcoming. 2008. How to cite Effects of Slavery on America, Papers

Games Master, like Edge, is a multi-format magazine Essay Example

Games Master, like Edge, is a multi-format magazine Paper Games Master, like Edge, is a multi-format magazine. Despite this similarity, the two magazines are significantly different in many terms of the language framework. The combination of a similarity and a variety of key differences makes the two magazines especially appropriate for comparison and analysis. The magazine appears to appeal to a younger generation of readers than Edge, which is particularly evident from the framework features of lexis and graphology contained within the text. Lexis The complexity of language found in Games Master is somewhat inferior to that in Edge. Propulsion and innovative are examples of lexis which are not comparable to the lexical elevation of Edge. There are also items which suggest Games Masters intended audience, like emotive language often used to modify verbs and nouns. Examples of this are dribs, drabs, zipping, whizzing, toxicity and thwack among many others. The words present a sense of comparative informality which would appeal to a younger audience, rather than older one. The amount of specialist lexis is relatively reasonable (see Pie Chart Analyses) but also lacks the elevation of that in Edge. Gameplay is the most complex of these words in Games Master which strongly suggests the magazines audience as the casual gamer. By this I mean a person who has no interest in the technical aspect of games reviewing and only the games more interesting aspects. Grammar The most noticeable difference between Games Master and Edge is the sentence length and structure. Games Master never uses any short sentences, but instead longer ones to suit the method of review. While Edge based its review on the history of the game and its main advantages and flaws, Games Master produces a more in-game and storytelling review. We will write a custom essay sample on Games Master, like Edge, is a multi-format magazine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Games Master, like Edge, is a multi-format magazine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Games Master, like Edge, is a multi-format magazine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Because of this, the text flows avoiding constant interruption by the full stop. An example of the sentence length is in When Mario is wrongly convicted of vandalism on his arrival, hes forced to use Flood to clean up the mess as part of his community service: and so begins a long chase to find the real culprit in each of the games worlds. I initially believed Edge would contain the longest sentences due to its formal nature, but instead uses complex phonological and lexical techniques such as cohesion. Games Master is the opposite and contains long sentences with no hidden framework techniques and a less direct approach. Whereas Edge is direct in its points, Games Master uses metaphorical and imaginative terms to describe things. The following is two extracts from Edge and Games Master, reviewing the game in comparison to imitators, reinforcing this theory: (See overleaf for quote comparison). Games Master: Nintendo developers somehow manage to pour buckets of curdled shame on their competitors. Edge: Everyone was waiting for Nintendos guiding light, and it arrives, and its far above its imitators, but someway below its inspiration. Apart from biased implications, the differences are obvious. Games Masters metaphoric language suits its audience well by producing a more reader friendly image. The relative formality of Edge can also be seen in this example. Graphology The graphological features of Games Master are important in distinguishing its intended audience. The amount of images (information extracted from Pie Chart Analyses Section) is particularly useful. Their number causes them to dominate the page, patronising the text, but their placements are also important. Instead of the harmonic order found in Edge, Games Masters screenshots are littered about on tilted angles with a relative lack of structure. Of course, this makes the page more appealing, especially to the younger eye. Another important feature lacked by both Edge and FHM is the appearance of the games character, twice on the first two pages. The character, Mario, dominates the first page in the form of a blown up screenshot extract. This signifies the intended audience and lays the foundation of the reviews style (basic with a low specialised lexis count). However, the most important feature is the award that is given to the game, situated on the first page Gaming Masterpiece. In my opinion, this is an indicator of the magazines relatively informal format as it is an encouragement for the audience to read the review, and which particularly draws younger readers into it something which formal articles, broadsheet newspapers as an example, do not use. In reinforcement, this award system is also used by FHM who use Game of the Month. In relation to these two, Edge expectantly does not use such a system, and the games review score even takes a subsidiary role. In relation to this feature, the use of fact boxes suggests similar things. An example of this in Games Master can be found on the second page in the top right. The contents are not even particularly relevant and even quite abstract, but it is this kind of item which attracts a young audience. The review is completed with a review box situated at the bottom right of the final page. It is divided into the three key parts of games review, which is a feature confirming tabloid similarity in terms of subtitles. They are used for easy reference which suggests the audience of Games Master is of lower education than Edge, which strictly structures all of its points within the main review, and lacks a review box. The subtitle structure is also used in the main review, and gives very general ideas upon what the following section is about, exactly like a tabloid newspaper. Phonology Onomatopoeia is the key phonological feature of the Games Master review. This is directly linked to the lexical use of a magazine with a young audience. The following are examples of onomatopoeia in Games Master. Zipping, gloop, thwack, zip and swoosh. All of these words are informal and resultantly make phonology another feature which suggests the youth or education of the audience. The Games Master whole text also appears to portray a much more spoken tone than that of Edge which contributes to its high readability. An example of this is the instructive, but humorous sentence, Dont get Yoshi wet! Use his regurgitastic spit. But dont even think of chucking on a constable, like us. Helpfully, this sentence also contains further implications which would fall into sections of lexis and grammar, but have been mentioned here due to their relevance to the section of phonology. Firstly, the type and level of humour is that which would amuse readers of an early age (8 -14 years). The humour is based around one of the games characters spitting ability and the magazine focuses upon using this upon a policeman, which is something a young person might feel rebellious doing, thus producing an element of humour. Secondly, the non-dictionary lexical item of regurgitastic is used. The word itself shares the suffix of the adverb fantastic and thus exaggerates the dictionary word, regurgitate. The suffix tastic replaces the previous one of tate. The word now appears much more interesting and appealing to the younger audience. Thirdly, the use of the exclamation mark, ! , adds a degree of humorous instruction to the sentence and contributes to its spoken tone. A final point on this sentence is its ending, like us, which serves the purpose of encouraging the reader to do what has previously been said. Although they jokingly warn against it, the rebellious implications of the sentence will make the reader do it (spitting on the policeman) and the like us ending will simply cause the reader to want to follow the magazines example. Discourse The audience of Games Master is significantly confirmed by the magazines lexical use and phonological features. The tone is generally spoken in order to involve the audience more and particularly to appeal to their youth. Elements such as pronouns, exclamation marks and humour echo this theory. Games Masters purpose is to inform in a humorous way. However, it differs from Edge because it strongly bases its informing upon the games storyline rather than Edges tendency to cover how good the game is which is the point of a review.

The Idea of Nature and its Essence

The Idea of Nature and its Essence The idea of nature is one of the most widely employed in philosophy and by the same token one of the most ill-defined. Authors such as Aristotle and Descartes relied on the concept of nature to explain the fundamental tenets of their views, without ever attempting to define the concept. Even in contemporary philosophy, the idea is oftentimes employed, in different forms. So, what is nature? Nature and the Essence of a Thing The philosophical tradition that traces back to Aristotle employs the idea of nature to explain that which defines the essence of a thing. One of the most fundamental metaphysical concepts, the essence indicates those properties that define what a thing is. The essence of water, for instance, will be its molecular structure, the essence of a species, its ancestral history; the essence of a human, its self-consciousness or its soul. Within the Aristotelian traditions, hence, to act in accordance with nature means to take into account the real definition of each thing when dealing with it. The Natural World At times the idea of nature is instead used to refer to anything that exists in the universe as part of the physical world. In this sense, the idea embraces anything that falls under the study of the natural sciences, from physics to biology to environmental studies. Natural vs. Artificial Natural is often used also to refer to a process which occurs spontaneously as opposed to one that occurs as the result of the deliberation of a being. Thus, a plant grows naturally when its growth was not planned by a rational agent; it grows otherwise artificially. An apple would hence be an artificial product, under this understanding of the idea of nature, although most would agree that an apple is a product of nature (that is, a part of the natural world, that which is studied by natural scientists). Nature vs. Nurture Related to the spontaneity vs. artificiality divide is the idea of nature as opposed to nurture. The idea of culture becomes here central to draw the line. That which is natural as opposed to that which is the outcome of a cultural process. Education is a central example of a non-natural process: under many accounts, education is seen as a process against nature. Clearly enough, from this perspective there are some items that cannot ever be purely natural: any human development is shaped by the activity, or lack thereof, of interaction with other human beings; there is no such thing as a natural development of human language, for instance. Nature as Wilderness The idea of nature is at times used to express the wilderness. Wilderness lives at the edge of civilization, of any cultural processes. In the strictest reading of the term, humans can encounter wilderness in very few selected places on earth nowadays, those were the influence of human societies is negligible; if you include the environmental impact produced by humans on the whole ecosystem, there may well be no wild place left on our planet. If the idea of wilderness is loosened a bit, then even through a walk in a forest or a trip on the ocean one may experience that which is wild, i.e. natural. Nature and God Finally, an entry on nature cannot omit that which perhaps has been the most widely employed understanding of the term in past millennia: nature as the expression of the divine. The idea of nature is central in most religions. It has taken numerous forms, from specific entities or processes (a mountain, the sun, the ocean, or fire) to embracing the whole realm of existents. Further Online Readings The entry on Laws of Nature at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.The entry on Aristotle’s Natural Philosophy at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Myths About Obama - The 5 Wackiest Myths About Obama

Myths About Obama - The 5 Wackiest Myths About Obama If you believe everything you read in your email inbox, Barack Obama is a Muslim born in Kenya who is ineligible to serve as U.S. president and he even charters private jets at taxpayer expense so the family dog Bo can go on vacation in luxury. And then there is the truth. No other modern president, it seems, has been the subject of so many outrageous and malicious fabrications. The myths about Obama live on through the years, mostly in chain emails forwarded endlessly across the Internet, despite being debunked over and over again. Here is a look at five of the silliest myths about Obama: 1. Obama is Muslim. False. He is a Christian. Obama was baptized at Chicagos Trinity United Church of Christ in 1988. And he has spoken and written often about his faith in Christ. Rich, poor, sinner, saved, you needed to embrace Christ precisely because you had sins to wash away - because you were human, he wrote in his memoir, The Audacity of Hope. ... Kneeling beneath that cross on the South Side of Chicago, I felt Gods spirit beckoning me. I submitted myself to His will, and dedicated myself to discovering His truth, Obama wrote. And yet nearly one in five Americans - 18 percent - believe Obama is a Muslim, according to an August 2010 survey conducted by The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. The are wrong. 2. Obama Nixes National Day of Prayer Numerous widely circulated emails claim President Barack Obama refused to recognize the National Day of Prayer after taking office in January of 2009. Oh Our wonderful president is at it again .... he has cancelled the national day of prayer that is held at the white house every year .... sure glad I wasnt fooled into voting for him! one email begins. Thats false. Obama issued proclamations setting the National Day of Prayer in both 2009 and 2010. We are blessed to live in a Nation that counts freedom of conscience and free exercise of religion among its most fundamental principles, thereby ensuring that all people of goodwill may hold and practice their beliefs according to the dictates of their consciences, Obamas April 2010 proclamation read. Prayer has been a sustaining way for many Americans of diverse faiths to express their most cherished beliefs, and thus we have long deemed it fitting and proper to publicly recognize the importance of prayer on this day across the Nation. 3. Obama Uses Taxpayer Money to Fund Abortions Critics claim that the health care reform law of 2010, or Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, includes provisions that make up the broadest expansion of legalized abortion since Roe v. Wade. The Obama Administration will give Pennsylvania $160 million in federal tax funds, which weve discovered will pay for insurance plans that cover any legal abortion, Douglas Johnson, legislative director for the National Right to Life Committee, said in a widely circulated statement in July 2010. Wrong again. The Pennsylvania Insurance Department, responding to claims that federal money would fund abortions, issued a stern rebuttal to anti-abortion groups.Pennsylvania will - and has always intended to - comply with the federal ban on abortion funding in the coverage provided through our federally funded high risk pool, the Insurance Department said in a statement. In fact, Obama signed an executive order banning the use of federal money to pay for abortion in the health care reform law on March 24, 2010. If the state and federal governments stick to their words, it does not appear taxpayer money will pay any part of abortions in Pennsylvania or any other state. 4. Obama Was Born in Kenya Numerous conspiracy theories claim that Obama was born in Kenya and not Hawaii, and that because he was not born here he was not eligible to serve as president.The silly rumors grew so loud, however, that Obama released a copy of his certificate of live birth during the presidential campaign in 2007. Smears claiming Barack Obama doesnt have a birth certificate arent actually about that piece of paper - theyre about manipulating people into thinking Barack is not an American citizen, the campaign said. The truth is, Barack Obama was born in the state of Hawaii in 1961, a native citizen of the United States of America. The documents prove he was born in Hawaii. Though some believe the records are phony. 5. Obama Charters Plane for the Family Dog Uh, no. PolitiFact.com, a service of the St. Petersburg Times in Florida, managed to track down the source of this ridiculous myth to a vaguely worded newspaper article in Maine about the first familys vacation in the summer of 2010. The article, about the Obamas visiting Acadia National Park, reported: Arriving in a small jet before the Obamas was the first dog, Bo, a Portuguese water dog given as a present by the late U.S. Sen Ted Kennedy, D-Mass., and the presidents personal aide Reggie Love, who chatted with Baldacci. Some folks, eager to jump on the president, mistakenly believed that meant the dog got its own personal jet. Yeah, really. As the rest of us toil on the unemployment line, as millions of Americans find their retirement accounts dwindling, their hours at work cut, and their pay scale trimmed, King Barack and Queen Michelle are flying their little doggie, Bo, on his own special jet airplane for his own little vacation adventure, one blogger wrote. The truth? The Obamas and their staffer traveled in two small planes because the runway where they landed was too short to accommodate Air Force One. So one plane carried the family. The other carried the Bo the dog - and lots of other people. The dog did not have its own private jet.

Genetically Modified Crops) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Genetically Modified Crops) - Research Paper Example When it comes to food, one has to be absolutely sure about safety and health of human beings. Absence of surety makes GMC unsafe for human health. There are also risks that some genetically modified crops can increase resistance of different antibiotics and this can lead to health issues (Conway, 2000). This type of resistance can render any antibiotic useless and can prolong illness. In genetically mutated crop, different genes are artificially introduced and some of these genes can increase resistance to important medicines like antibiotics. Genetically modified crops are also unpredictable because no one knows how they will be reacting with natural human genes and our bodily function. The pose risk to human health because modified genes can react with human body and lead to health issues and other types of illnesses. GMC has also been found to produce health defects and organ failures in animal testing (Dona & Nitoyannis, 2009). This is also a significant reason to worry about genetically modified food and crop. Animal testing has showed its dangers and therefore it is only logical to assume that these crops might also pose risk of organ failures in human beings. One of the main benefits if genetically modified crops is that that it can end famine and shortage of food problem from the developing countries. Most developing countries face shortage of food and this can be eradicated through use of genetically modified crop as it increases efficiency of crops and make it more resistant to pests. Genetically mutated crops can also help farmers of developing countries where soil is not fertile enough to sustain good crop yields. Through these crops, farmers can increase their output which can in turn lead to prosperity for farmers. There are also economic benefits of the crop as it offers protection from pests. Farmers can save significant amount of money on pesticides. Also these crops increase output and this makes it more economical

The Role of Women in the Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Role of Women in the Society - Essay Example In the historic times women had to face a lot of difficulties they were torn out from their rights and endured men’s unfair and barbaric behavior. They were ruled and controlled over by a men-oriented society, now things have changed; women have indeed risen from their past stature. They fear not the dominant and authoritative gender, instead they stand parallel and rose up to the challenge of being treated as the inferior one. Women today are independent unlike the ancient times, when traditionally women played the roles of an obedient daughter, caring sister, loyal wife and a loving mother. Education has diversified the typical role of a woman that they have played for so many years. Today women opt to become business women, mathematicians, engineers, doctors, economists they even appear for elections. Throughout the last 3-4 centuries the changes that women have undergone are phenomenal. They have made their foothold in politics, offices yet still have power over the househ old stuff, because women were considered dumb and absurd. There have been times when women were abolished from making their voice heard in many areas of life because they were seen as less informed and less learned for example in politics, government policies they were even stripped from their right of casting votes for the presidential elections. Although now in modern times the workforce in any organization is full of hard working and powerful women. Despite the many drastic changes that have been in the world there had also been a one more subtle one which is the role that women play now in the household. Over the time women from being the homemakers, housewives and caretakers of the children have switched places with being the bread winners just like men. Women were considered as followers but now they have exchanged places and become leaders of the society (Kleinberg, 1988). Gradually women are overtaking men’s quotient level. The stereotypical character women have playe d for so long is now dissolving, which was that women would stay home and take care of the children, cooked, washed dishes and cloths, cleaned the house all in all took care of the domestic house responsibilities while men earned. The broader picture has changed, now women and men of the house both take care of the domestic chores and earn. Despite all the changes, women still face one troublesome situation even in the modern times which is the offensive negative sexual attention women receive. They bear insulting comments in the work place and are considered as a â€Å"piece-of-meat†. One out of 6 women becomes victims of sexual assaults while for men the ratio is 1 out of 33. The vast difference in these statistics is not shocking because women have always been treated in that way some nations are still unsafe for women to go out freely without a male companion. Even though women have evolved, gained success and yet they have un-succeeded in gaining respect. While women hav e been tagged with ugly sexist comments and terms, they are making their ground in numerous occupations educations, politics, etc. Although women have evolved from being mere housewives, still they are held responsible for the household day to day chores. Though the work is as not as tough as in the older times because manual work has been replaced with more modern technologies and methods. It is an awkward fact that there is a sense on embarrassment attached to the notion of being a housewife. In many nations the thought of staying home, awaiting the return of their husband is looked upon as a waste of man power. Woman now is considered as a being with potential that should do their bit for the betterment of economy. Mothers are given all

Assistive Technology On Disabled Students Impact Education Essay

Assistive Technology On Disabled Students Impact Education Essay Abstract This study proposes to determine the impact of Assistive Technology (AT) on disabled students in South African higher institutions. The disabled people in any society are generally facing many debilitating quandaries, including physical, emotional and physiological degradation. As a result, empowering people with disabilities to realize their self-esteem as well as enhance their skilling and employability represents an interesting and challenging task to government, industry, interest groups and individuals worldwide. However, the emerging assistive technology provides a unique opportunity to alleviate the challenges of people with disabilities. Exploiting this novel technology, our current goal is to determine the impact of AT on disabled students in South African higher institutions. Randomized control group pre-test and post-test experimental design will be used for impact determination. Cronbach alpha will be used to measure the reliability of the data solicited from participatin g students in a kind of participatory survey. Bootstrapping statistics will be used to analyze the result of the experimental design and correlation will be used to discover relationship between data samples. As a case study, we would like to validate our design using randomly selected students from University of Pretoria, Tshwane University of Technology and University of Witwatersrand, which due to their closeness to the researchers makes the study cost-effective. We are hopeful that our design would be systemic enough to be easily extrapolated into other institutions. The expected contributions of this study are to: (a) explore different types of AT available to disabled students, (b) determine the user-friendliness of the AT, (c) compare the performance of disabled students with non-disabled peers and (d) determine the impact of AT on disabled students in South African higher institutions. Keywords: Assistive Technology, disabilities, South Africa, disabled students 1. Introduction The disabled people in any part of the world are generally facing many debilitating quandaries and they are not experiencing the kind of comfort, dexterity and optimism that most non-disabled people enjoy. The number of people with disabilities, continuous to insistently increase due to high rate of accidents, natural disasters, diseases and increasing number of aging people. For instance, disabled people in South Africa account for 5% (2  255  982) of the total population (Statistics South Africa, 2001), which significantly outgrows the previous statistics of (please supply previous statisticsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.) and in many parts of the world, the story is sympathetic. As a result, the impact of having some more people with disabilities in our society than ever before is immeasurable. The South African government has embarked on encouraging initiatives to have more disabled South Africans obtain formal education as a way to provide succour so that disabled people are better empowe red in the society. For example, the Ministry of Education improvises that South African schools should provide AT services and equipments for disabled students to enable a balanced (free and appropriate) public education. These initiatives make the use of AT practically relevant in our schools be it higher or lower institutions of learning. An emerging AT is any mobile device or infrastructure that can be used to maintain or improve the capabilities of individuals with disabilities (IDEA, 1990). With careful planning and guidance, the vast number of AT devices and software can be potentially beneficial to disabled students (Duhaney Duhaney, 2000). AT can enable people who are suffering from a wide range of natural disabilities to enjoy more comfortable lives. These technologies are being used at home, schools, work places and also in communities as a whole by disabled people (Howell, 1996). The use of AT is allowing people with disabilities to be more independent, productive, self-confident and for them to easily integrate into the mainstream society. The technology, for example, can enable a student with physically impaired hands or arms to be able to operate a computer with a switch or an onscreen keyboard, a mute student to communicate using a device that speaks and a student who cannot walk can be assisted to do so with specialised mechanical devices (Mirenda, 2001). As a result, the impact of AT on disable students in South Africa is undoubtedly enormous. Moreover, not only is AT beneficial for teaching and learning purpose, the living style of disabled students can be greatly improved socially by allowing them, for instance to play games and communicate fluently. However, many issues and obstacles such as lack of AT knowledge, training, funding, poor coordination between service providers and technology developers as well as fear of these technologies are hindering the successful application of AT in the society at large. That is why this study proposes to evaluate the impact of AT on disable students in South African higher institutions. 1.1. Problem Statement and Research Questions Today, the greatest challenge confronting the South African students with disabilities is to smoothly integrate into the society, participate in a competitive educational system and be equipped for the professional economic world. A number of emerging technologies: assistive and adaptive have been developed to cater for disabled students. But, very little literature has been written about these novel technologies. Additionally, the evaluation of their impact on the end-users has also not been widely reported. One way to ensure best outcomes for disabled students in South Africa would be to evaluate the impact of AT on these students. To do so, different types of AT would have to be identified and equal opportunities would have be given to disabled and non-disabled students to compete. Thus, a participatory research is necessary to determine the impact of AT on disabled students in South Africa. The main research question to solve in this study is: what is the impact of AT on disabled students in South Africa? To answer this question satisfactorily, first it is important to identify various AT available and determine their contributions towards improving the academic performance of disabled students in South Africa. As result, following research sub-questions will be squarely addressed in order to solve the main research question. What are the different types of AT are available to disabled students? How user friendly are the available AT to disabled students? Does AT smoothly integrate disabled and non-disabled students? Does the use of AT improves the academic performance of disabled students? How is AT used by disabled students to facilitate social networking? What influence is AT playing in the life of disabled students? 1.2. Goals and Objectives of the Study The core goal of this study to determine the impact of Assistive Technology (AT) on disabled students in South African higher institutions. This could help to uncover some unresolved issues introduced by disabled students on the impact of AT in their learning environments. This goal will be accomplished by implementing the following primary objectives. To identify different types of AT that are available to disabled students in South African higher institutions. To determine the user-friendliness of the available AT to disabled students in South African higher institutions. To determine whether the use of AT smoothly integrates disabled students with non-disabled students. To determine whether the use of the AT improves academic performance of disabled students in South African higher institutions. To determine how is AT used by disabled students to facilitate social networking. To determine the influence that AT is playing in the life of disabled students? 1.3. Expected Deliverables Within a 2 year project leading to an award of MTec degree, it is important to ensure that there are clear expectations for what can be delivered in these timescales. We hope to deliver the following. A comprehensive account of disabled students learning experiences and a clear documentation of the impact of AT on disabled students. A set of recommendations for practitioners, support staff, institutional managers and program developers on ways to manage the challenges of disabled students in the society. 2. Literature Review Most of the recent literature focusing on the impact of ICT on students in Universities across the world can be classified into three sources: Literature and case studies that have been developed from publicly funded studies to determine the impact of AT in higher education exist in academic domains and are mostly inform of case studies (e.g. Skills for Access, DART, ALERT).Other studies that support this include Seale(2006). Research studies that have explored the general education experiences of disabled students exist in both academic and non-academic domains (e.g. BBC, OUCH, SKILL). Other studies that support this include; (Mortimer Crosier, 2006), Shelving et al. 2004 and (Fuller et al. 2004). Research studies that have explored the specific e-learning experiences of disabled students Have generally been conducted in the UK,an example of this is Draffan et al. (2007) in a survey of the use of and satisfaction with AT by disabled students in UK higher institutions. Another survey by Cobham et al. (2001) also tried to explain the specific experiences of disabled students when using AT. The important conclusion from these studies is whether their findings are true for all students, especially the disabled students who may need emerging technology such as AT effective learning? The unique novelty of this study in relation to these studies listed above are abvious.With the use of participatory research methods, this study shall; (a) be a voice for the disabled students; (b) get raw (first hand) information from the uses themselves. This enables to answer the paradigm of Nothing about me, without me since the users are involved in every phase of this study. The important conclusion from these studies is whether their findings are true for all students, especially the disabled students who may need emerging technology such as AT effective learning? In particular, some of the most significant change in the education of students with disabilities in South Africa has been the initiative to adapt the inclusive education theory into their education system (Patton, 1992). This form of initiative is mainly a collaborative setting that includes a content specialist paired with a learning specialist and then leads to sharing of the teaching responsibilities, which will later benefit the education of all students. The use of inclusive education may change from one institution to other, but it clearly indicates that it is extremely important as enabler for students to achieve their ultimate educational goals. The rapid developments in innovative ICT infrastructure, particularly in the field of AT rekindles the hope and aspiration for those who have so long been deprived of opportunities with which life has burdened them: visual impairment, physical disability, hearing impairment and Communication impairments (Levin Scharffenberger, 1990) . More importantly, disability is being recognized as a social construct created by ability-oriented and ability-dominated environments. Traditional methods for studying the impacts of AT on disabled students in South African higher education includes: (a) interviews, (b) questionnaire surveys and (c) focus groups. However, in recent time, there has been a need to develop methods and practices that enable the student voice to be more focus on AT studies (Levin Scharffenberger, 1990). However, it should be clarified that efforts to include disabled students in studies of the impact of AT in the learning environments may need new alternative methods besides the traditional methods. Researcher can draw their learner-centred AT research studies from two related filed methods to analyse the impact of AT on disabled students in universities, these include: (a) participatory design and (b) participatory research. These methods are commonly used for designing AT and to incorporate the related fields of user-centred design, co-design and inclusive design (Hanson, et al., 2007). Participatory design according was defined as th e involvement of disabled students throughout the entire phases of the study (Hanson et al. 2007). This study involves: (a) working directly with the disabled students to fully participate in the study from phase one throughout to last phase, (b) involving the real disabled students in their real contexts, ignoring window dressing to keep the deficiencies of their school secret, (c) a continuous cycle of development and evaluation phases until both the researcher and research participants (disabled student in this case) reach an agreed solution, (d) dual participation between participants (disabled students) and designers in development of key AT methodologies. The benefits of participatory design methods are obvious when researching intensive study on the disabled students and how they use these technologies in daily activities (Davies et al. 2004). The strong in-depth analysis offered by such methods appears to be highly applicable to research studies focusing on hearing the stude nt voice. This study, therefore nominates participatory methods to be used to explore the impact of AT on disabled students in three higher education institutions in South Africa, taking three universities: (a) University of Pretoria, (b) University of Witwatersrand and (c) Tshwane University of Technology as a case study. This study advocates that there is the need for research to be written from the disabled students perspective and that is why participatory research is an appropriate approach for this study. Although most of the educators in south Africa are trying to make sure that the disabled students use the same technology as non-disabled, it has been hard for the disabled students to deal with the fact that most of the software being developed do not accommodate the aspect of inclusive education and design for all (Fischer, 1995). Research Design and Methodology The methodology of this study will try to demonstrate how the use of participatory methods of research will be used to show how the goals and objectives and problems questions of this study were meant. The most common forms of participatory methods are by use of interview plus, questionnaires and focus groups. The first objective (to identify different types of AT that are available to disabled students in South African higher institutions.), this study shall design a template of various AT from different literature study on AT. This AT template is then presented to the research participants (disabled students) to choose what are the different types of assistive technologies they are currently using. The second objectives (to determine the user-friendliness of the available AT to disabled students in South African higher institutions), this study proposes to include in the questionnaire a question that enables the disabled students to select one option from 1-10 how user friendly they think the AT they are using are. The higher the number, the more use-friendly that participant feels about that AT. The third objective (to determine whether the use of the AT improves academic performance of disabled students in South African higher institutions), this study proposes, after ethical approval has been granted from the various university, this study shall ask the University Authorities to provide academic transcripts of the research participants, to see if using these ATs have helped them improve on their academics. The fourth objective (to determine how is AT used by disabled students to facilitate social networking), this study proposes with the use of a questionnaire and interview plus, the research participants will be asked to choose or list the social networks that they are using at that current state and how much easier ATs have helped these students while using these social networks. The fifth objective (to determine the influence that AT is playing in the life of disabled students), this study proposes to have a controlled and experimental sample of participants. Since the South African government encourages the use of inclusive design, most of the ATs are used by both the disabled students and their non-disabled peers. During the interviews and answering of questionnaire, the research participants shall be asked to list how they feel ATs have helped them; both negative and positive responses shall be encouraged. Thus study will encourage these participants to even include non-academic influences of ATs on them. The focus group and interview plus shall be mainly used when the participants and answering to the questionnaire. These forms of participatory research methods shall also be used to enable the research participants to provide any additional information that they feel that this study might have left out. This study shall during the first focus group meeting provide each research participant with the proposed questions that this study intends to use. Each participant shall be asked to first tick which questions they feel are relevant to this study. Using an excel sheet, every question shall be listed in one column and another column showing how many students have chosen a particular question. This number is then divided by the total number of research participants to determine the mean score. The higher the mean score, the more relevant a question is to this study. The same format shall be used when deterring the best relevant data collection tool to use. These mean scores can also be classified as alpha scores. 3.1 Overview of data collection tools The data collection tools that will be used in this project consist of (a) interview plus (b) questionnaire and (c) focus groups. The use of these tools is not unique to research that uses a participatory approach; several general studies of disabled students in higher education have employed these methods. However, what is unique about the use of these data collection tools in this study is that participation influenced the nature and focus of each tool: 4. Project Plan 4.1 Summarised Project Plan WORKPACKAGES March April May June July August September October November Startup/Project Planning Communication Questionnaire Student recruitment Phase 1 all inclusive Phase 2 purposive Data collection Data Analysis Evaluation /Reporting Table 1:Project Plan 4.2 Master Project Plan Work package and activity Outputs Start date End Date WORKPACKAGE 1: Startup/Project Planning Objective: To provide project management for the project 1. Produce project plan, workpackages, and dissemination plan. march Ongoing 2.Reading of project material Gathering literature from library and internet March Ongoing 2. Choose of University to use List of University March March 3. Write Chapter One Presentation of Proposal March June WORKPACKAGE 2: Communication Objective: Maintain communication with Cordinator, and external interested parties Team Communication with Cordinator Minutes of meetings/emails weekly March Ongoing Academic and Student Services Staff University of Minutes of meetings/emails weekly March Ongoing External interested parties (Disability South Africa) Minutes of meetings/emails weekly March Ongoing Focus Groups Minutes of meetings/emails weekly July Ongoing WORKPACKAGE : Questionnaire Objective: Develop questions that will answer the Goals and Objectives Developement of Assisitve Technology Types Questionnaire Questionaire May May Developement of Goals and Objectives related questions Questionnaire May June Revised Chapter One Hand in Research Proposal(Chapter One) June July WORKPACKAGE 3: disabled Student recruitment Phase 1 all inclusive Objective: Participation of max available of disabled students Student Services support and Ethics Committe Acceptance of outline questions and support of project July July (Re)formulate interview questions with disabled students Pilot / Questionnaire acceptable to participants and evaluation of changes made. July August Data Analysis from initial questionnaires and contact with students from Phase 1 Analysis and report on outcomes of initial questionnaire, e-mails and discussions with students. August August WORKPACKAGE 4: Phase 2 purposive Objective: Recruitment of students who agreed to participate during Phase 1 Participatory research of methodology initial discussions,on-going evaluation and implementation Analysis and report on Methodologies August September Interviews/ participation/development of artefacts Analysis of interviews summary report September September WORKPACKAGE 5: Data collection Objective: Systematic Storage and re-formatting of data Collection of Data from participants Raw data available to team September September Accessible Multimedia artefacts Data available to team with captions, text descriptions, etc. September September WORKPACKAGE 6: Data Analysis Objective: Evaluation of all the data and other artefacts collected Analysis of interview data from Phase 2 Synopsis of transcripts accepted by individual participant September October Analysis of all artefacts provided by participants Agreement with participants, as to which artefacts are used for dissemination. Ocotober October Analysis of all external the data gathered in relation to the project. Agreement with team as to inclusion of external data relating to the project e.g. accessibility guidelines etc. October October WORKPACKAGE 7: Evaluation /Reporting Objective: Evaluation of methodologies used and completion of progress and final reports Progress report Draft to Advisory Group and Team Itemised report of progress to date October November Final evaluation of the questions used and Research Question Report Draft summary report detailing how the research questions have been addressed and drawing out lessons learned from the particular institutional context; October November Methodology Critique and analysis Draft report of a critique of the chosen methodology November November Recommendations/Guidelines on impact of the use of Assistive Technologies Draft recommendations and guidance for practitioners, support staff, institutional managers, learners, content providers, instructional designers, technical and program developers November November FINAL THESIS Hand in final research paper November November Table 2:Master Project Plan showing the activities that will be involved

Case Analysis Chapter

Susan Weeper's proposition to collaborate with Central Transport In transforming the direction of SAAB. Susan wants to attract larger retailers In the Mid-Atlantic States by adding services such as warehousing, transportation delivery, and Inventory management to their business model. Susan is proposing the idea to Jean because Central Transport has experience in these areas, and Central Transport has worked with SAAB Distribution in the past.Susan also approached Washman's Food Markets as a potential customer for SAAB Distribution's new services. Washman's Food Markets already offer an array of additional services to customers, such as in-store bakery, in-store cooking demonstrations, and take-out options. 1 . The competitive market place for SAAB has changed tremendously over the last five to seven years. The rate of change for the competitive market place Is driven by several external forces Including globalization, technology, organizational installations, empowered consumers, an d government policy and regulations.For example, the Impact of the consumer Is much more direct than It was seven years ago. Today, the consumer has placed increased demands at the retail level for an expanded variety of products and services. This explains why Washman's business model offers so many added services to customers shopping in their grocery store. By offering these additional services, Washman's can set themselves apart from their competitors. It is important that SAAB focus on the customers, and be flexible and responsive to them. 2.Central Transport could experience many advantages in the proposed venture. First off, Central and SAAB have worked successfully with each other in the past when SAAB transformed its operations to respond to challenges In the competitive market place, therefore It will be a fairly smooth collaboration, since the two have previously done business together. The new proposed venture would also be a relatively successful business opportunity be cause Central already has experience in the areas of warehousing, transportation delivery, and inventory management.It would be a great opportunity for Central to expand their current market as well as open up many new windows for business. This would increase Centrals profit margin. 3. SAAB and Central could face a number of issues if they were to follow through with the new proposed venture. Some possible issues include supply chain networks, complexity, inventory development, information, cost and value, performance measurement, technology, transportation management, and apply chain security.It Is important that both SAAB and Central address these problems and issues appropriately in order for the new venture to run smoothly. By hilariousness In summary, this case is about SAAB Distribution's CEO, Susan Weeper's proposition to collaborate with Central Transport in transforming the direction of SAAB. Susan wants to attract larger retailers in the Mid-Atlantic States by adding serv ices such as warehousing, transportation delivery, and inventory management to their business to seven years.The rate of change for the competitive market place is driven by several external forces including globalization, technology, organizational example, the impact of the consumer is much more direct than it was seven years other in the past when SAAB transformed its operations to respond to challenges in the competitive market place, therefore it will be a fairly smooth collaboration, since Centrals profit margin.

Essay on SOME Help to the Homeless - 2501 Words

SOME Help to the Homeless Every year approximately 2.3 to 3.5 million people go homeless in the United States of America. Twelve million adults in the US were homeless in the year 2001, or are still currently without a permanent home (â€Å"Homelessness in the U.S.†). How does this happen in â€Å"the land of opportunity?† We think of ourselves as one of the greatest nations in the world, yet citizens are living a life of poverty, often without food, clothing, and shelter. When most people think of fighting homelessness, they think of providing medical assistance, showers, and counseling services for those who suffer mental illness, trauma, and substance abuse. Although these necessities are imperative in helping a significant†¦show more content†¦Society labels him with stereotypes, such as â€Å"other† and â€Å"deviant,† often refusing to serve or to be in close proximity to this homeless person (Wright 7). Such treatment destroys a person’s dignity and sel f-respect. SOME is a unique organization, for it not only provides the needy with food, clothing, and shelter, but the volunteer group also offers medical, dental, personal hygiene, and counseling services (Foundation). With this type of attention, the homeless can escape the negative labels that society forces on them because they do not appear to be homeless. By offering these special personal services, SOME instills a sense of personal dignity in a homeless person. The lack of dignity that these individuals feel is a direct effect of society’s disrespect for the lower class. The stereotypes of the homeless conceived by upper social classes, cause the lower class to lose any respectable role they may have in society. A homeless man in Oberlin, Ohio says, â€Å"Many of us historically invisible people, in our quest for visibility, have chosen to take the routes of organization and alliance building. 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